Immunotherapy May Improve Chemotherapy for Mesothelioma

A treatment designed to inhibit a cell protein called CTLA-4 may improve the effectiveness ofchemotherapy for mesothelioma.

Chemotherapy is considered a front-line treatment for mesothelioma, although it is only moderately effective.  Because mesothelioma is a highly aggressive cancer of the mesothelium, chemotherapy is often used as part of a multimodality therapeutic approach. Increasingly, immunotherapy, which involves manipulation of the genes and immune system, is also part of the treatment approach.

CTLA-4 is the name for both a protein and the gene that is responsible for producing it.  A recent published study tested the theory that knocking down cellular production of the CTLA-4 protein could slow tumor growth and stimulate the immune system between rounds of chemotherapy. 

To test the theory, mice that had been given mesothelioma were injected with a CTLA-4 blocking antibody after each cycle of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by measuring the delay in the tumor’s growth and the overall survival of the mice.  The research team also tested the ability of the treatment approach to kill mesothelioma cells in the lab.

The results were promising. Compared to the control group that received only chemotherapy, the group that received the anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody did exhibit slowed growth of early-stage mesothelioma tumors. In addition, CTLA-4 therapy increased the immune system’s ability to fight the tumor by increasing the number of killer T-cells.

In summarizing their results, the team concluded, “Blockage of CTLA-4 signaling demonstrated effective anti-cancer effect correlating with inhibiting cancer cell repopulation between cycles of chemotherapy and upregulating tumor infiltrating T-lymphocytes, cytokines and cytolytic enzymes in a murine mesothelioma model.”

It is hoped that these results will lead to a more effective treatment for mesothelioma.

Mesothelioma Study: Quality of Life “Acceptable” with Pneumonectomy

Mesothelioma patients who undergo lung removal surgery (pneumonectomy) can still enjoy an acceptable quality of life, in spite of the risks associated with the surgery.

That is the conclusion of a seven-year Italian study on patients who had pneumonectomy for either lung cancer or mesothelioma between January 2003 and March 2010.  A Total of 71 patients were enrolled in the study. Twenty-six of them had their right lung removed while 31 had left-sided pneumonectomy. Eleven patients had more extensive pneumonectomies that also involved removal of structures other than the lung, such as parts of the trachea, diaphragm or lung lining.

At one-year, 93% of the mesothelioma and lung cancer patients who had undergone pneumonectomies were still alive, although all had begun to have heart problems such as tricuspid valve insufficiency. Tricuspid insufficiency refers to the failure of the heart’s tricuspid valve to close properly, allowing some blood to pass from the right ventricle to the right atrium with each beat, decreasing the heart’s pumping efficiency. The pneumonectomy patients also had thickening of the ventricular walls in the heart. Three patients died from complications related to the surgery.

After five years, 20% of the mesothelioma and lung cancer patients in the study were still living. Although a quality of life questionnaire filled out at one year and five years after surgery indicated a decrease in the quality of life, their scores were still deemed ‘acceptable’ by the research team. In a summary of their results in an Italian medical journal, the group concludes, “Postoperative mortality (4.3%) and five-year survival (20%) after pneumonectomy seem to be satisfactory.” Despite the heart problems observed, most were not severe enough to dramatically affect quality of life, prompting researcher to conclude that “acceptable quality of life is still achievable” in these mesothelioma and lung cancer patients.

There is still considerable debate among mesothelioma experts worldwide about the benefits versus the risks of pneumonectomy. Given the slim improvement in survival and high rate of complications with pneumonectomy, some doctors favor the less radical pleurectomy procedure instead.

Best Tips for Preventing Lung Cancer

DID YOU KNOW?

• The length of the airway contained inside the human lungs is approximately 2400 kms.
• The lungs have a total surface area of 750 sq. ft. which is the size of one side of a tennis court.
• If all the tube-like structure carrying blood, aka capillaries surrounding the lungs were unwound and laid end to end, they would extend for about 992 kms.
• In spite of weighing about 2.3 kgs (each lung weighing roughly 1.1 kgs), the lungs are the only organ in the human body that can remain afloat on water.
• The above perhaps explains the reason for the origin of the word ‘lung’ which having an Indo-European root means ‘light’.
• The two lungs differ in size. Although the right lung is shorter by 5cms, its volume, total capacity and weight is higher than the left lung. This is so because the left has to accommodate the heart on its side.
• A normal adult breathes 15-25 times per minute in a relaxed state.
• The lungs help us to use about 550 litres of pure oxygen every day. Those among us who exercise obviously use more.

IGNORANCE OR FOOLISHNESS?

Wonder if people would abuse it in spite of knowing what a great job this organ does for the body, by extractingoxygen from the air we breathe in and transporting it to the bloodstream while taking away carbon dioxide when we breathe out. The tragic fact however is that as of 2004, 13 lakh men and women have been dying annually, as a result of lung cancer . Lung cancer also has the dubious distinction of being the number one killer cancer.

THE CULPRITS

Smoking tobacco, especially in the form of cigarettes, is by far the number one culprit. Also, secondhand smoke or smoke inhaled from another's smoking causes lung cancer in non-smokers. The World HealthOrganisation (WHO) estimates that 70% of the lung cancer deaths will occur in developing countries like India by the year 2030, going by the present trend.

Apart from smoking the following may also increase the risk of lung cancer:

• Asbestos
• Exposure to cancer-causing chemicals. They are -
  • Uranium
  • Mustard gas
  • Beryllium
  • Nickel chromates
  • Vinyl chloride
  • Gasoline
  • Diesel exhausts
• Family history of lung cancer
• High levels of air pollution
• High levels of arsenic in drinking water
• Radiation therapy to the lungs
• Radon gas

HOW DO I KNOW IF I HAVE LUNG CANCER?

There are two main types of lung cancers.
- Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which accounts for almost 20% of the cancer cases.
- Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is the most common type of lung cancer.

There are apparently no visible signs or symptoms in the early stages of lung cancer. As the cancer develops you may experience -

• Shortness of breath
• Coughing up of blood
• Change in regular coughing pattern
• Wheezing
• Chest pain or pain in the abdomen
• Weight loss, fatigue and loss of appetite
• Hoarse voice
• Difficulty in swallowing

CAN I PREVENT IT?

Of course we can prevent it from happening to ourselves or our loved ones. The real question is are we ready to change before a tragedy befalls or do we keep indulging ourselves on the pretext of fun or enjoyment or simple laziness and indifference?

Eliminating tobacco smoke by discouraging people can be the most effective way of overcoming the epidemic. While in most countries industrial carcinogen have been identified and banned, tobacco smoking is still widespread. Most governments around the world have banned tobacco smoke in public places. India introduced a total ban on smoking in public places on October 2, 2008.

Scientific studies have also proved, though not conclusively, that eating vegetables and fruits help in lungcancer protection.

With the advancement of modern technology, the use of medical tests to detect disease in people who do not show any visible signs or symptoms (asymptomatic people) have become very much possible. The possible preventive tests include chest radiograph and CT scan. A CT Scan gives a three dimensional view of the condition of the organ.

9 Tips for Lung Cancer Prevention

Lung cancer prevention goes beyond avoiding smoking. More than half of people who develop lung cancer at this time are not current smokers. What are 10 tips for lung cancer prevention that you can begin today?

1. Don't Smoke

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Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, responsible for 80 to 90% of lung cancers. It is never too late to quit smoking. For those who have been diagnosed with lung cancer, smoking cessation may improve survival.

• Facts About Smoking and Lung Cancer
• Is it Worth Quitting After a Diagnosis of Lung Cancer?
• Quit Smoking Toolbox

3. Be Careful and Aware at Work2. Check Your Home for Radon

flickr.com, user oparvez

For non-smokers, checking your home for radon is the number one thing you can do for lung cancer prevention. Radon is the leading cause oflung cancer in non-smokers, and the second leading cause of lung cancer overall. Radon is an odorless gas that results from the decay of natural uranium in the soil beneath our homes. Elevated levels of radon have been found in homes in all 50 states and around the world. The only way to know if you are at risk is to test your home for radon.

• Radon and Lung Cancer – What Everyone Should Know
• How to Test Your Home for Radon
• Radon Mitigation – What Should You Do if You Have a High Radon Level in Your Home?

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It’s estimated that up to 29% of lung cancers in men are related to on-the-job exposures to cancer causing substances. Many of these work collectively with smoking to raise your risk even further. Employers are required to provide Material Safety Data Sheets on chemicals you may be exposed to at work. Make sure to check these out.

• Occupation and Lung Cancer – What Should You Know?

4. Be Careful and Aware at Home

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Lung cancer prevention is important at home as well. Chemicals that contribute to lung cancer are found not only at the workplace, but may be under your sink or in your garage. Carefully read labels on household products and follow the instructions for safe usage. Wood smoke from wood burning stoves and fireplaces may also increase the risk of developing lung cancer.

• Environmental Exposures and Lung Cancer Risk

5. Avoid Secondhand Smoke

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Secondhand smoke is responsible for roughly 3000 cases of lung cancer each year in the United States alone. Living with a smoker increases your chance of developing lung cancer by 20 to 30%. Thankfully, smoking laws have made it easier to stay “secondhand smoke free” in recent years, and will likely play an important role in lung cancer prevention.

• Secondhand Smoke and Lung Cancer
• How to Protect Yourself from Secondhand Smoke When Traveling

6. Exercise for Lung Cancer Prevention

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Even moderate amounts of exercise can aid in lung cancer prevention. Studies suggest that even something as simple as gardening twice a week is associated with a lower risk of developing lung cancer.

• Exercise and Lung Cancer Prevention

7. Eat a Variety of Fruits and Vegetables

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A diet rich in fruits in vegetables is linked with a lower risk of developing lung cancer. Recently, studies suggest that variety may be even more important than quantity. Make lung cancer prevention fun by trying out new foods in the produce section. Try to choose a rainbow of colors, including dark greens such as spinach and broccoli, the whites of onions, the reds of apples and tomatoes, and the orange of orange juice and winter squash.

On a reverse note, inorganic phosphates found in processed meats and cheeses are associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.

• Diet and Lung Cancer Prevention

8. Enjoy a Cup of Green Tea

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Green tea has been shown to prevent some of the damage to cells caused by smoking, and people who consume more green tea appear to have a lower risk of lung cancer. That said, drinking green tea isn’t a “get out of jail free” card, and quitting smoking is the most important thing you can do to lower your risk.

9. Limit Your Intake of Alcohol

National Cancer Institute, J. Troha (photographer)

Another important step in lung cancer prevention may include limiting your intake of certain types of alcoholic beverages. For men, the heavy consumption of beer and hard liquor is associated with an elevated risk of developing lung cancer. In contrast, a moderate intake of wine in men was linked with a lower risk of developing the disease.

• Alcohol and Lung Cancer Risk
• Alcohol and Cance
  

Chemotherapy “Bath” May Stop Mesothelioma Spread

There is more evidence that washing heated chemotherapy drugs through the open body cavity after mesothelioma surgery may help stop the cancer from spreading. 

A team at the Washington Cancer Institute followed the movement and absorption of these drugs – known as pharmacokinetics – to assess their potential for effectively killing spreading mesothelioma cells without harming healthy tissues.  Specifically, they were studying people who had one of the rarest forms of mesothelioma, called peritoneal mesothelioma. In these patients, mesothelioma in the membrane around their abdominal organs can progress up into the pleural space around the lungs.

During a surgery called pleurectomy and decortication (P/D), the surgeon may remove all or part of the diseased pleural membrane and scrape cancer cells off the surface of the lungs or the walls of the body cavity.  To help kill mesothelioma cells left behind after P/D, surgeons may use hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy.  As with any chemotherapy, the challenge is to destroy mesothelioma cells with as little damage as possible to healthy cells.

To assess hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy’s ability to do that, the Washington Cancer Institute team washed a solution of the chemotherapy drugs mitomycin C and doxorubicin into the body cavity after a P/D operation.  They then monitored the concentration of these agents in the tissues as well as in the blood plasma.

In a summary of their findings, lead study author Paul Sugarbaker writes, “Our results showed a persistent high concentration of intrapleural (around the lungs) drug as compared to plasma concentrations.” When they compared the clearance of the drugs from the body cavity, they found that more chemotherapy medicines stayed in the thoracic (upper body) cavity than stayed in the abdomen and pelvis, suggesting a longer-lasting effect on the pleural mesothelioma cells without too much concentration of the toxic chemicals in the blood.

The authors suggest that these findings provide “a strong pharmacologic rationale” for hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy in people with metastatic peritoneal mesothelioma.  The research appears in the most recent issue of Gastroenterology Research and Practice.

Your Mesothelioma Diagnosis May Be Worth Money

Your Mesothelioma Diagnosis May Be Worth Money

Concerns are raised when a mesothelioma diagnosis is given. Whether an individual needs a mesothelioma lawyer is one of these concerns. An individual could want a mesothelioma lawyer for a lot of different reasons. The first reason is that an ancient employer might have exposed the individual to asbestos. Because asbestos is the main cause of mesothelioma, this issue is very vital. Also, getting a cash settlement for a wronged individual is something that a mesothelioma lawyer can do. The suffering individual is helped through monetary compensation for his or her diagnosis, and so is the family of that individual.
If an individual gets a mesothelioma diagnosis, he or she may have a lot of concerns. One of the most vital of these concerns is whether an individual needs a mesothelioma attorney. Needing a mesothelioma attorney could come from several different reasons. Asbestos exposure from an ancient job or employment opportunity is one reason why an individual might do this.
This is vital, because mesothelioma is caused by asbestos exposure. Additionally, an individual who has been wronged through exposure to asbestos on a past job can hire a mesothelioma attorney to try and win a settlement. It is vital for an individual who is suffering with a mesothelioma diagnosis and his or her family to receive financial compensation to help them survive and pay their bills.
Even if an individual is sick, providing for his or her family is usually still vital to him or her. One of the ways this can happen is through the hiring of a mesothelioma lawyer. Mesothelioma sufferers can sometimes still live long lives. Not all of them do, though. Regardless of the length of life, money is needed for medical bills.
The needs of their families are also very vital to people who have mesothelioma. When they are able to get a large financial settlement, they are no longer under as much stress. This is more likely to happen when using a excellent mesothelioma lawyer. Guarantees cannot be made, of course. It is vital to note, though, that not all people who hire a mesothelioma lawyer are able to collect a large settlement.
For people who are sick, the thought of being able to provide for their families is one that is usually still vital to them. A mesothelioma attorney taking a case is one of the ways that this can occur. Many people with mesothelioma survive for some time after their diagnosis. Unfortunately, not all of them get this option.
The money that they have to have in order to pay their medical bills is needed, regardless of how long they live. Those who have mesothelioma are often very worried about whether their family’s needs will be met. Some of their stress goes away when they are able to get enough of a financial settlement to know that money is no longer a worry.
Being able to hire a excellent mesothelioma attorney makes this possibility much greater. Of course, there is no way to make a guarantee. It is necessary to be aware, but, that a mesothelioma attorney cannot always get a huge financial settlement for everyone stricken with the disease.

Nick Johnson is lead counsel with Johnson Law Group. Johnson represents plaintiffs in many states and focuses on injury cases involving Fen-Phen and PPH, Paxil, Mesothelioma, and Avandia. Call Nick Johnson at 1-888-311-5522 or visit http://www.johnsonlawgroup.com

kazanvideo.com For patients with Mesothelioma, survival can be painful. But, you can seek compensation for your pain, lost wages, and medical expenses. Any monetary rewards may help you or your family, from small amounts to millions. As pioneers in Asbestos litigation in the San Diego area, we have the knowledge and experience to help you in Mesothelioma survival. Call us today for a no cost evaluation at 877.622.5246 or visit 

Mesothelioma Cancer, And The Asbetos Exposure Risk Component

Mesothelioma Cancer, And The Asbetos Exposure Risk Component    

Excessive cough, breathlessness, chest pain, weakness, cachexia (unexplained weight loss) etc are a fraction of the traits of a dreaded cancer called mesothelioma. It is a cancer affecting mesothelium of pleura, peritoneum, and/or pericardium. The cancer cells grow quick at times and lead to metastasis to distant organs in the body, thus evoking an undesirable prognosis.

If we examine the number of cases of this cancer worldwide, we percieve that it is regretably increasing over years and the information say that it may climb further. What is the root cause behind this damaging cancer?

The leading factor that governs the mesothelioma cancer is asbestos exposure. The contact with asbestos fiber is compared to setting ourselves up to be unsuccessful. The incidence of the disease is therefore high in occupations those get direct contact with asbestos. The sectors include ship yard field, roof shingles, construction trade, etc..

This is exactly why the laborers listed here are at the highest threat of getting the mesothelioma cancer. Also several solvents and chemicals used in specific industrial sectors are risky and could work as triggers for genetic mutation to happen.

Inevitably the genetic mutation continues as the key causative variable for nearly any cancer. But asbestos exposure serves as a trigger for this mutation. The particles of asbestos are microscopic and they are often breathed in simply while working in its location. These particles when inhaled stick in the lungs and possess the capacity to remain there for very long period. This initiates the beginning of the cancer although it takes two or three decades for symptoms to surface.

That’s the reason why many general practitioners overlook the diagnosis and consider the severe cough is because of pneumonia. Though very careful investigative studies, doctors can diagnose mesothelioma, and pleural biopsy is the final test that confirms the diagnosis. It is certainly excellent for the affected individual when this diagnosis is conducted at beginning stages so that his probability of recuperation and life improve by leaps and bounds.

Comprehending the perilous effect of asbestos, for this reason, numerous governments today (like UK Government) have taken strict actions against the occupational environment and have resolved the amounts of asbestos allowable in the workplaces. But in countless developing countries, using asbestos is the norm, and this is increasing the incidence of mesothelioma.

The most significant aspect about avoidance of asbestos exposure is that for putting into action such prevention, employers need not devote huge dollars. Merely making accessible a well-fitting mask is enough for protecting enormous amounts of asbestos employees throughout the world. But this action seems hard for some companies. That is the reason why these companies currently can be disciplined and sought compensations from by filing a lawsuit.

The mesothelioma sufferers can speak to mesothelioma law firm and file a case against such reckless employers. No question prevention is much better than a cure. But if your company cuased you to endure this serious cancer, you should be due compensation for health-related expenses and lost wages.

Just beware of this harmful cancer. If you or your family member is working in comparable industries, help to make certain your employer is taking care of appropriate preventive steps and if not, you can raise your voice in opposition to it! You ought to have safety at your job!

Causes lung cancer appearance factors

It may come as a surprise to many that in the UK, lung cancer is the second most diagnosed form of this awful disease. Statistics from 2007-2012 showed us that approximately 40,000 people were diagnosed each and every year, with an actual slight increase in the numbers over this period of time. To this end, a number or causes and risk factors have been identified and are widely proven to be the primary causes of lung cancers. In this article we're going to identify and discuss the various factors that contribute to the relatively high numbers of diagnosed lung cancer.

A cancer risk factor is a particular thing which has attributed to the level of lung cancer in the UK. These factors greatly increase the possibility that you will develop lung cancer if you are exposed to them. For example, smoking tobacco has for a long time been credited with being the number one risk factor associated with lung cancer. This has largely been the case globally and many countries have taken steps to reduce this risk.

Unfortunately for the male sex, this type of cancer has always been more prevalent in men. This may be down to a larger portion of the population being male smokers, but it is not always necessarily the case. Those individuals who have never smoked can also develop lung cancer, presently this figure stands at about 15% of diagnosed cases being associated with non smokers, which is why there is a range of risk factors which you should consider. It is inevitably true that the more you smoke, the greater your chance of developing the disease, however if somebody decides to quit smoking, the chances of then developing the disease are greatly reduced in a relatively short period of time.

Another risk factor which is very specific to the housing market in the UK is that presented by Radon gas. In the south west of England in particular the level of Radon gas found in the ground can be dangerously high. It is a gas that is found in the ground and permeates through the soil and into the foundations of homes. If breathed in, Radon gas can cause lung cancer in the occupants. While UK statistics are not sound, it is known that around 9% of diagnosed cases in Europe as a whole are caused by exposure to Radon gas. Modern construction of homes will almost always include a protective Radon gas barrier in the foundations to help mitigate the risk.

Another important risk factor that can be viewed as outside of our control is age. While general good health, exercise and a balanced diet will help to reduce the level of risk, like many other types of cancer, lung cancer can be found more commonly in the elderly. Around 80% of diagnosed cases are found in individuals who are over the age of 60. More rarely it can be found in people below 50 but this is the exception and it is rare for somebody below this age to develop the disease.

The Royal Brompton Hospital is one of the world's leading heart and lung centres, renowned for its expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. If you're looking for more information about the Royal Brompton's stop smoking clinic visit us today.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma frequently FQA

Malignant pleural mesothelioma frequently FQA                                        

Malignant pleural mesothelioma frequently questioned questions

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Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a particularly lethal form of cancer, the incidence is rising all over the world. Although malignant pleural mesothelioma with common tumors such as prostate or breast cancer compared to very small attention, but so that patients and their families have paid a heavy price. Although the disease has traditionally been the general opinion that there is no save, but the current trend is changing.

What is malignant pleural mesothelioma?

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is lung or pleural cancer capsule. Because of its anatomical location in vivo, the tumor growth could squeeze the lung and the chest is located between the anatomical structure of translocation, including the heart and airway. It is noteworthy that tumor growth can be oppressive to expand the diaphragm, making breathing dynamics restricted.

What led to the malignant pleural mesothelioma?

Malignant pleural mesothelioma main pathogenic factors for exposure to asbestos many years ago when the did not realize the dangers of asbestos, many engaged in transport, mining and insulation industry through the work of exposure to asbestos fibers, but not only in direct contact with asbestos The Man with the woman, reports indicate that by touching overalls relatives indirectly exposed to asbestos have also taken place in the family of malignant pleural mesothelioma.

How common the disease?

The United States each year there are about 3000 new cases, on the whole, the global annual incidence of approximately 10,000 to 15,000 patients. Disease incidence in the United States may have reached its peak, mainly because the United States in the early 70s issued a ban on asbestos, but in Europe, to reduce asbestos exposure to lag behind the efforts of 10 years, started the destruction of all the cleaning and asbestos materials while working late a lot, so incidence rates in 2010 reached a peak in Europe.

What Exactly Is Lung Cancer?

Lung cancer, one of the most prevalent and potentially the deadliest cancers in the world, is a disease of the lung tissue. Cancer is a disease that can begin in virtually any organ tissue of the body. Due to internal and external factors, a single cell can mutate into a cell that is abnormal. This cell multiplies, and the growing group of cells can attack normal cells in the tissue, or the cancerous cells can turn into a mass or tumour, causing disease and possible death. The lung is a very sensitive organ whose purpose in the body is to bring air and blood into such close contact as to permit oxygen to be added to the blood while removing carbon dioxide from the blood. When an individual has lung cancer, this normal exchange can be inhibited, and while healthy cells can die, there is also a great potential for the cancer to spread into other organs and tissues of the body.

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers globally, as each year over one million people die from the disease. One of the most common causes of lung cancer is cigarette smoking. Studies have shown that the ingredients and nicotine in tobacco can have a carcinogenic effect on the body. Since a cigarette is inhaled, the primary location for the disease is the lung. Increased levels in pollution have become a major risk factor for the disease. Exposure to radiation and asbestos (often used in home building) can also increase the risk of lung cancer developing. Radiation affects cells and can cause mutations that are unhealthy. Any outside factor such as those just listed, in addition to a poor diet and lifestyle, can contribute to the onset of lung cancer.

Although there are numerous symptoms, the most common are coughing up blood and having a generalised difficulty in breathing. Any unexplained loss of weight, in conjunction with the symptoms mentioned, can be an indication of the disease. When and if there is any question or possible concern about the probability of contracting this disease, there should be no hesitation in seeking a medical professional to discuss the completion of exams that may rule out lung cancer as a possibility of sickness.

Treatment for any type of cancer, including lung cancer, is an ongoing and long term commitment and battle. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are often used to "kill" the cancerous cells or tumours, although this treatment can weaken the individual, as these treatments often need to be repeated often. Surgery may be needed to remove the cancer cells.

The Royal Brompton Hospital is one of the world's leading heart and lung centres, renowned for its expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. If you're looking for more information about the Royal Brompton's stop smoking clinic visit us today.

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